Small HDDs and btrfs (antiX 17.1 full on 1.5GB drive)

[Member rob]

The btrfs filesystem’s compression feature is quite handy to shoehorn things onto the small drives in early netbooks and other older systems.

There are three compression modes available in btrfs. Lzo is fast but the compression is not great. Zlib compresses very well but it is comparatively slow. Zstd is available from kernel 4.14 onwards and compresses about as well as zlib, and about as fast as lzo. (Zstd has one big disadvantage in that grub will not boot from a drive that is using zstd on the files contained in /boot/).

I run btrfs with zstd compression on my Asus eee pcs with their tiny and sluggish 4 GB SSDs. On a system with such small and slow storage, it helps spending less time reading and writing from the drive, albeit with a slight increase in cpu usage during access. It will however be slower to do the initial install as it tries to compress every file.

This modified version of the cli-installer from 17.1 has a couple of extra options for btrfs available in the file system selection menu.

There are only two very minor changes involved, both optional and in addition to a standard btrfs install.

The mount options include compress-force=zlib during the installation and in the fstab it creates, enabling and selecting the compression type.
# mount -o defaults,relatime,compress-force=zlib

Optionally, during the filesystem creation, options are better tuned to small hard drives (<~16GB). This allows any sector to be used by data or metadata, (preventing erroneous drive-full errors which can occur on small drives otherwise).
# mkfs.btrfs -f -M -O skinny-metadata /dev/sdX

Here are the results comparing installation of antiX-full to a 4GB drive. This is using the modified cli-installer, otherwise installed as standard from antiX-17.1-386-full.iso.

Ext 4
Filesystem	1K-blocks	Used	Available	Use%	Mounted on
/dev/sda1	4061888		2991020	844820		78%	/mnt

Btrfs 
Filesystem	1K-blocks	Used	Available	Use%	Mounted on
/dev/sda1	4061888		2972980	1037839		75%	/mnt

Btrfs with zlib compression
Filesystem	1K-blocks	Used	Available	Use%	Mounted on
/dev/sda1	4193280		1452200	2557720		37%	/mnt

Btrfs with zlib compression & small drive options
Filesystem	1K-blocks	Used	Available	Use%	Mounted on
/dev/sda1	4193280		1345712	2858836		33%	/mnt

I also decided to see if it was possible to get a complete install of antiX 17.1-full with all subsequent updates installed onto a 1.5 GB drive, in a usable state.

After the initial installation, packages were updated individually using apt list –upgradable, then apt install for each one. (Some of them will pull others along with them). This was necessary as with the number and size of the updates available, apt upgrade as one operation would have filled the drive. Then the kernel was upgraded to 4.15.14 from the antiX repo. Finally, I installed bleachbit to remove the localizations that i did not require.

In the end, it got there with a touch of room to spare, at around 1.2 GB used for the install and around 300 MB available:

Filesystem	1K-blocks	Used	Available	Use%	Mounted on
/dev/sda1	1534976		1210212	337056		79%	/

Although the 1.5GB drive was just as an exercise, this sort of install is useful on early netbooks with their minimal storage, and other older hardware with small slow drives. Once grub is updated to support zstd, it will bring easy performance benefits as well as size savings.

Updated cli-install

#!/usr/bin/env bash
# cli-installer for antiX
# written by Burt Holland
# heavily edited by anticapitalista
# btrfs tweaks for small systems added by rob

TEXTDOMAINDIR=/usr/share/locale
TEXTDOMAIN=cli-installer

#Default
DISTR0=antiX-17
LIVEUSER=demo

##functions
#title
#header
#help_text
#gethome
#getroot
#repartition
#setfs
#setpw
#yn(yes/no)
#getfs
#encrypt

title() {
echo -ne "\e[32m"
echo $"CL installer for $DISTRO"
echo $"Version 4.1 2017/12/27"
echo -ne "\e[0m"
echo ''
}

header() {
echo -ne "\e[36m"
echo $"Requirements for minimum* installation:"
echo -ne "\e[0m"
echo ''
echo $"antiX-full: hard-disk 4.0GB*  RAM 64MB"
echo ''
echo $"antiX-base: hard-disk 3.0GB*  RAM 48MB"
echo ''
echo $"antiX-core: hard-disk 1.0GB*  RAM 48MB"
echo ''
echo $"antiX-net:  hard-disk 0.7GB*  RAM 48MB"
echo ''
echo $"Make sure you are connected to "
echo ''
echo $"the net BEFORE running this installer"
echo ''
}

help_text() {
echo $"Usage: cli-installer [drive]"
echo $"Where drive is the name of the drive $DISTRO is to be installed on."
echo $"   For example: cli-installer sdb"
echo $"The default is correct if the computer has only one drive."
echo ''
# tips for this version
echo -ne "\e[36m"
echo $"Pre-installation tips:"
echo -ne "\e[0m"
echo ''
echo $"Set language at the boot screen by pressing F2"
echo $"or by adding the line lang=xx where xx is your language code."
echo $"eg lang=gr for Greek."
echo ''
echo $"Set timezone at the boot screen by pressing F3"
echo ''
echo $"Use kbd=dvorak for dvorak keyboard before installing"
# end tips
echo ''
echo $"Press F1 at the boot screen for Help and list of cheatcodes for live use."
}

gethome() {
ans=1
while [[ "$ans" -ne 0 ]]
do
read -p $"/home partition (hda1, sda2, etc): " hdrv
echo ''
if [[ ("$hdrv" == "$rdrv") || !( -e "/dev/$hdrv" ) ]]
  then echo $"$hdrv invalid. Retry:"
  else ans=0
fi
done
}

getroot() {
ans=1
while [[ "$ans" -ne 0 ]]
do
read -p $"Root partition (hda1, sda2, etc): " rdrv
if [[ "$rdrv" > "hd" && "$rdrv" < "he" ]]; then rpre=hd
  elif [[ "$rdrv" > "sd" && "$rdrv" < "se" ]]; then rpre=sd
  else rpre=x;
fi
if [[ !("$rpre" = "x") ]]
  then 
  gdrv1=-1
  for var in "a" "b" "c" "d" "e" "f" "g" "h" "i" "j" "k"
  do
 if [[ "$rdrv" > "$rpre$var" ]]
  then
  gdrv1=$((gdrv1+1))
  gdrv="$var"
 fi
 done
 gpart=-1
 var1=-1
 for var in "1" "2" "3" "4" "5" "6" "7" "8" "9" "10" "11" "12" "13" "14" "15" "16" "17" "18" "19"
 do
 var1=$((var1+1))
 if [[ "$rdrv" == "$rpre$gdrv$var" ]]
  then
  gpart=$var
  gpart1=$var1
 fi
 done
fi
if [[ "$rpre" = "x" || "$gdrv1" -lt 0 || "$gdrv1" -gt 18 || "$gpart1" -lt 0 ]]
  then echo $"$rdrv invalid. Retry"
  else ans=0
fi
done
}

repartition() {
if [[ -n "$1" ]]
  then cfdisk /dev/$1
  else cfdisk
fi
}

setfs() {
umount /dev/$1 > /live/aufs/dev/null 2>&1
echo $"Available file systems for $1 are:"
echo "
1)ext2 
2)ext3 
3)ext4 
4)jfs 
5)xfs 
6)btrfs 
7)btrfs with zlib compression
8)btrfs with zlib compression
  optimized for small drives
9)reiserfs"
echo ''
ans=1
while [[ $ans -ne 0 ]]
do
read -p $"Enter your choice 1-9: " fs
if [[ "$fs" == "" ]]
  then fs=ext4
fi
ans=0
echo $"You have chosen $fs for $1"
echo ''
mntopt="defaults,relatime"
case $fs in
1) mkfs.ext2 /dev/$1 > /live/aufs/dev/null 2>&1;;
2) mkfs.ext3 /dev/$1 > /live/aufs/dev/null 2>&1;;
3) mkfs.ext4 /dev/$1 > /live/aufs/dev/null 2>&1;;
4) mkfs.jfs -q /dev/$1 > /live/aufs/dev/null 2>&1;;
5) mkfs.xfs -f /dev/$1 > /live/aufs/dev/null 2>&1;;
6) mkfs.btrfs -f /dev/$1 > /live/aufs/dev/null 2>&1;;
7) mntopt="defaults,relatime,compress-force=zlib"
mkfs.btrfs /dev/$1 > /live/aufs/dev/null 2>&1;;
8) mntopt="defaults,relatime,compress-force=zlib"
mkfs.btrfs -f -M -O skinny-metadata /dev/$1 > /live/aufs/dev/null 2>&1;;
9) mkreiserfs -q /dev/$1 > /live/aufs/dev/null 2>&1;;
10) mkfs.reiser4 -f -y /dev/$1 > /live/aufs/dev/null 2>&1 

echo $"Ignore any 'barrier' lines";;
*) echo $"$fs invalid. Retry:"; ans=1
esac;
done
}

setpw() {
ans=1
while [[ $ans -ne 0 ]]
do
if (chroot /media/$rdrv passwd $1)
  then ans=0
  else
  echo -ne "\e[31m"
  echo $"Passwords are not identical. Retry:"
  echo -ne "\e[0m"
fi
done
}

yn() {
x=1
while [[ "$x" -eq 1 ]]
do
x=0
read -p "$*? "
if [[ ("$REPLY" > "x~" && "$REPLY" < "z" ) || ("$REPLY" > "X~" && "$REPLY" < "Z") ]]
  then ans=1	# yes
  elif [[ ("$REPLY" > "m~" && "$REPLY" < "o" ) || ( "$REPLY" > "M~" && "$REPLY" < "O") ]]
  then ans=0	# no
  elif [[ -z "$REPLY" ]]
  then ans=-1	# default
  else
  x=1
  echo $"Invalid; retry:"
fi
done
}

getfs() {
fs1=$(blkid /dev/$rdrv $a|sed -e "s/.*TYPE=\"//"|sed -e "s/\".*//")
fs2=$(blkid /dev/$hdrv $a|sed -e "s/.*TYPE=\"//"|sed -e "s/\".*//")
}

##End of functions

#Run Help
if [[ "$1" == "-h" || "$1" == "--help" ]]
  then
  help_text
  echo ''
  read -p $"Press Enter to exit this script."
  exit
fi

# Run as root check
if [[ $UID -ne 0 ]]
  then
  echo -ne "\e[31m"
  echo $"Please run this script as root."
  echo -ne "\e[0m"
  exit
fi

# Make sure /live/aufs/dev, /live/aufs/sys, /live/aufs/proc exist when starting script
mkdir -p /live/aufs/dev /live/aufs/sys /live/aufs/proc
# Make sure fstab is ok and start swap - (needed for antixsnapshot)
make-fstab
swapon -a
# Show requirements
kernel="-$(uname -r)"
echo ''
header
echo ''
# Repartition or not and set file up system via cfdisk
yn $"Do you want to repartition the disk (y/N)"
if [[ $ans -eq 1 ]]
 then
   repartition $1
   echo '====';
   echo ''
   getroot
   echo ''
   setfs $rdrv
 else
   echo ''
   getroot
   echo ''
   echo $"Deleting the contents of the $rdrv partition."
   echo $"This may take some time. Please wait...."
fi
mkdir /media/$rdrv > /live/aufs/dev/null 2>&1
mount -o $mntopt /dev/$rdrv /media/$rdrv > /live/aufs/dev/null 2>&1
rm -r /media/$rdrv/* > /live/aufs/dev/null 2>&1
echo ''
# Set up separate /home and mount on /media/$hdrv
yn $"Use separate '/home' partition (y/N)"
if [[ "$ans" -eq 1 ]]
  then
  gethome
    if [[ !(-e /media/$hdrv) ]]
    then mkdir /media/$hdrv
    fi
    yn $"Is $hdrv a new '/home' partition (y/N)"
    if [[ "$ans" -eq 1 ]]
      then
      hmtp=2
      echo ''
      yn $"Set file system for $hdrv  (y/N)"
        if [[ "$ans" -eq 1 ]]
        then
        setfs $hdrv
        fi
        mount /dev/$hdrv /media/$hdrv > /live/aufs/dev/null 2>&1
        rm -r /media/$hdrv/* > /live/aufs/dev/null 2>&1
        else
        hmtp=1
        mount /dev/$hdrv /media/$hdrv
    fi
    else
    hmtp=0
fi
getfs
#Install grub-pc and clean out downloaded debs
yn $"Are you running antiX-net (y/N)"
if [[ $ans -eq 1 ]]
  then
echo ''
echo $"Time to download grub-pc, locales, keyboard-configuration, console-setup, console-data, lsb-release, sysv-rc-conf"
apt-get update && apt-get -y install grub-pc locales keyboard-configuration console-setup console-data lsb-release sysv-rc-conf
apt-get -y clean
fi
#We are now in $rdrv
cd /media/$rdrv
echo ''
echo $"antiX will now be copied to $rdrv."
echo $"This may take some time. Please wait...."
cp -a /live/aufs/* .

#set up fstab
echo '# Pluggable devices are handled by uDev, they are not in fstab' > etc/fstab.new
echo "/dev/$rdrv / $fs1 $mntopt 0 1"  >>  etc/fstab.new
grep swap etc/fstab >> etc/fstab.new
if [[ "$hmtp" -gt 0 ]]
  then
  echo "/dev/$hdrv /home $fs2 defaults,relatime 0 2" >> etc/fstab.new
  arg1=$hdrv
  else
  arg1='xxxx'
fi
echo '# Dynamic entries below' >> etc/fstab.new
grep -v '#' etc/fstab|grep -v swap|grep -v proc|grep -v devpts|grep -v $rdrv|grep -v $arg1 >> etc/fstab.new
rm etc/fstab
mv etc/fstab.new etc/fstab
cp etc/group etc/group.bak
cp etc/gshadow etc/gshadow.bak
echo $"File copy done"
echo ''
yn $"Install GRUB on MBR (Y/n). No will install to root partition"
if [[ $ans -eq 0 ]]
  then grub=$rdrv
  else grub=sd$gdrv
fi

# Copy over non-live boot parameters to the installed system (FIX ME)
#cmdline=$(/live/bin/non-live-cmdline | sed -e 's/\\/\\\\/' -e 's/[|]/\\|/')
#[ $(uname -m) = x86_64 ] && cmdline="$cmdline"
#cmdline="quiet $cmdline"
#sed -r -i "s|^(GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=).*|\1\$$cmdline|" /media/$rdrv/etc/default/grub

#grub2 must set up bind mountpoints
# mount stuff so grub will behave (so chroot will work)
mount -o tmpfs --bind /dev/ /media/$rdrv/dev/ 
mount -o proc --bind /proc/ /media/$rdrv/proc/ 
mount -o sysfs --bind /sys/ /media/$rdrv/sys/ 
chroot /media/$rdrv grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck --no-floppy --force /dev/$grub > /dev/null  2>&1 
chroot /media/$rdrv update-grub $grub > /dev/null  2>&1
#/sbin/make-fstab --install /media/$rdrv --mntpnt=/media > /dev/null  2>&1
chroot /media/$rdrv update-initramfs -u -t > /dev/null  2>&1
echo $"GRUB installed on ($grub)"
echo ''
chroot /media/$rdrv userdel $LIVEUSER
rm -r home/$LIVEUSER > /dev/null  2>&1
read -p $"Computer name (default is 'antix1')? " cnam
name=""
if [[ -n "$cnam" ]]
  then
  echo "$cnam" > etc/hostname
  sed -i s/antix1/$cnam/ etc/hosts
fi
echo ''
echo $"Time to set up localisation"
echo $"System locale is set to ..."
chroot /media/$rdrv cat /etc/default/locale 
yn $"Do you want to set up system localisation (y/N)"
if [[ $ans -eq 1 ]]
  then
chroot /media/$rdrv dpkg-reconfigure locales
fi
echo ''
echo $"Time to set keyboard layout"
echo $"System keyboard is set to ..."
chroot /media/$rdrv cat /etc/default/keyboard 
yn $"Do you want to set up keyboard (y/N)"
if [[ $ans -eq 1 ]]
  then
chroot /media/$rdrv dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration 
fi
echo ''
echo $"Time to set console layout"
echo $"System console is set to ..."
chroot /media/$rdrv cat /etc/default/console-setup
yn $"Do you want to set up console layout (y/N)"
if [[ $ans -eq 1 ]]
  then
chroot /media/$rdrv dpkg-reconfigure console-setup
fi
echo ''
echo $"Time to set timezone"
echo $"System timezone is set to ..."
chroot /media/$rdrv cat /etc/timezone 
yn $"Do you want to set up system timezone (y/N)"
if [[ $ans -eq 1 ]]
  then
chroot /media/$rdrv dpkg-reconfigure tzdata 
fi
echo ''
echo $"Choose which services to run"
yn $"Do you want to enable/disable startup services (y/N)"
if [[ $ans -eq 1 ]]
  then
chroot /media/$rdrv sysv-rc-conf
fi
echo ''
sleep 1
yn $"Is this a remastered/snapshot install (y/N)"
if [[ $ans -eq 1 ]]
  then
  # Write code to get buildfstab -r to start on first boot via rc.local (if user wants it?)
  mv etc/rc.local etc/rc.local2
  mv etc/udev/rules.d/90-fstab-automount.rules etc/udev/rules.d/90-fstab-automount.rules.live
  cp usr/share/antiX/rc.local.install etc/rc.local
  # (also)Remove live system if it exists
  chroot /media/$rdrv dpkg -r live-init-antix 2>/dev/null
  rm /media/$hdrv/$LIVEUSER 
  umount -l /media/$rdrv
  umount -l /dev/$hdrv
  echo $"Installation of $DISTRO finished!"
  echo ''
  echo $"Reboot computer without CD to start program. ('reboot')"
  exit
fi
sleep 1
echo $"Setting up user and root/admin accounts"
name=''
while [[ -z "$name" ]]
do
read -p $"Type in your default user name? " name
done
case $hmtp in
0)chroot /media/$rdrv adduser $name;;
1)echo '';echo $"Note: $hdrv must contain a folder named '$name'."
chroot /media/$rdrv adduser $name;;
2)chroot /media/$rdrv adduser $name;;
esac
echo ''
echo $"Type your Password for root:"
setpw root
sed -i "s/$LIVEUSER/$name/" etc/group
sed -i "s/$LIVEUSER/$name/" etc/gshadow
sed -i "s/$LIVEUSER/$name/" usr/share/slim/themes/antiX/slim-install.conf 2>/dev/null
yn $"Set autologin for $name: (y/N)"
if [[ $ans -eq 1 ]]
  then
sed -i "s/#auto_login/auto_login/" usr/share/slim/themes/antiX/slim-install.conf 2>/dev/null
sed -i "s/#default_user/default_user/" usr/share/slim/themes/antiX/slim-install.conf 2>/dev/null
fi
# Copy live configurations to install. For all.
echo ''
echo $"Cleaning up"
/usr/sbin/live-to-installed /media/$rdrv
mv etc/rc.local etc/rc.local2
mv etc/X11/xorg.conf etc/X11/xorg.conf.live 2>/dev/null
cp usr/share/antiX/rc.local.install etc/rc.local
cp usr/share/slim/themes/antiX/slim-install.conf etc/slim.conf 2>/dev/null
chroot /media/$rdrv dpkg -r live-init-antix 2>/dev/null
cp -r etc/skel/.[a-zA-Z]* home/*/ 2>/dev/null
cp -r etc/skel/* home/*/ 2>/dev/null
if [[ $hmtp -gt 0 ]]
  then
    if [[ $hmtp -eq 2 ]]
    then mv home/* /media/$hdrv
    fi
  rm -r home
  mkdir home
  cp -r /media/$rdrv/etc/skel/.[a-zA-Z]* /media/$hdrv/*/ 2>/dev/null
  cp -r /media/$rdrv/etc/skel/* /media/$hdrv/*/ 2>/dev/null
  chown -R $LIVEUSER.users /media/$hdrv/* 2>/dev/null
fi
chown -R $LIVEUSER.$LIVEUSER home/* 2>/dev/null

rm -rf media/sd*
rm -rf media/hd*
rmdir live
umount -l /media/$rdrv/dev/
umount -l /media/$rdrv/proc/
umount -l /media/$rdrv/sys/
umount -l /media/$rdrv
if [[ "$hmtp" -ne 0 ]]; then umount -l /dev/$hdrv;fi
echo ''
echo $"Installation of antiX finished!"
echo ''
echo $"Reboot computer without CD to start program. ('reboot')"

• This topic was modified 5 years ago by rob. Reason: included cli-installer

[Forum Admin anticapitalista]

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Excellent!

I tested this out in Virtualbox and it works very well.
I’ll include the changes to the cli-installer and see about adding it to the gui installer.

Thanks rob

Philosophers have interpreted the world in many ways; the point is to change it.

antiX with runit - leaner and meaner.

[Member rob]

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I’ve also patched the gui installer.

The btrfs mixed mode is automatically set on small drives, and there is a choice of no compression, zlib, or lzo compression.

There are changes to minstall.cpp, minstall.h and meinstall.ui….

Which it turns out I can’t upload here.

• This reply was modified 5 years ago by rob. Reason: uploads unsuccessful

Attachments:

1. minstall.h

[Forum Admin anticapitalista]

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Will it upload as a zip/tar file?
If not, could you email it to me at anticapitalista at riseup dot net

Philosophers have interpreted the world in many ways; the point is to change it.

antiX with runit - leaner and meaner.

[Forum Admin dolphin_oracle]

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if you forked the code with github, you could also do a pull request.

but a zip file will work as well.

You’re timing is good…we are examining new features for the installer.

[Member rob]

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dolphin_oracle wrote:

if you forked the code with github, you could also do a pull request.

Thanks. Just done that now.

[Moderator Brian Masinick]

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Rob, thanks for the work on this! I don’t happen to have an EEE style netbook right now, but you know us “scavengers” who tend to run our fine distribution: I’m sure that there are those who can use this immediately. As always, ideas and contributions – even if not directly included in the distribution – may still be quite useful to those who want to customize their system. In this case, it looks like this plays into the designs already in consideration! Fabulous! (big grin)

--
Brian Masinick

[Member delix02]

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I’m going to install the new 17.2 .iso on an old Wyse thin client with a 2GB SSD drive on a chip….
Guess, rob’s work would be an excellent option for that machine.
However, the thin client cannot be booted by Grub, so I had and have to use the extlinux/syslinx package.

For antiX 16 (based on Debian Jessie) these packaged had been removed. It was a specific bug in Jessie as the warning was never removed even when the original problem causing it was solved. Are they included in 17.2 again ?
As I remember, the earlier versions of the cli-installer had an option to use extlinux instead of Grub as bootloader.
Did you bring back this option in 17.2. ?
Actually, I know how to install and run extlinux on the client, but having this option in the cli-installer would be much more convinient.

Great work anyway.

[Member delix02]

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Bingo !!
17.2 is installed without problems from a 2GB USB stick using the .iso file from the mx server.
EXTLINUX is already included, only an extlinux.conf is missing.
The client booted just as it should do.
The full install occupies 1.27 GB disk space.

Seems to be perfect 🙂 – thx guys, you’ve done a perfect job !

In the next days I’ll correct the German translation of the cli-installer as I’m not really happy with te current version.

[Moderator Brian Masinick]

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Great collective teamwork!

These are great examples of what this community does well.

Keep up the GREAT work! 😀😎

--
Brian Masinick

[Moderator christophe]

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I read above that this was going to be incorporated into the cli installer. I tried to use it on the 17.4 cli-installer, but didn’t see the compression options. Is it an oversight, or is there some bug that had it kept out? Is it safe to copy this script, make executable, and run it to install from it?

confirmed antiX frugaler, since 2019

[Member delix02]

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The compression slows down the btrfs file system (at least on elder machines) beyond usability.
I guess, you can test the script but after testing the option I think it is in most cases not worth the effort.

[Forum Admin anticapitalista]

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christophe wrote:

I read above that this was going to be incorporated into the cli installer. I tried to use it on the 17.4 cli-installer, but didn’t see the compression options. Is it an oversight, or is there some bug that had it kept out? Is it safe to copy this script, make executable, and run it to install from it?

some bug that had it kept out
for the other question, give it a try and let us know.

Philosophers have interpreted the world in many ways; the point is to change it.

antiX with runit - leaner and meaner.

[Moderator christophe]

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anticapitalista wrote:

some bug that had it kept out
for the other question, give it a try and let us know.

I tried but couldn’t get it to offer btrfs compression options, & cp error (drive full). That’s ok, because…

delix02 wrote:

The compression slows down the btrfs file system (at least on elder machines) beyond usability.
I guess, you can test the script but after testing the option I think it is in most cases not worth the effort.

Makes sense. Oh well – nice thought.

confirmed antiX frugaler, since 2019

[Author]

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